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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Caretaker gene ： ウィキペディア英語版 Caretaker gene Changes in the genome that allow uncontrolled cell proliferation or cell immortality are responsible for cancer. It is believed that the major changes in the genome that lead to cancer arise from mutations in tumor suppressor genes.〔Levitt, N. and I. Hickson (2002). “Caretaker tumor suppressor genes that defend genome integrity.” ‘‘Trends in Molecular Medicine’’ 8: 179 – 186.〕 In 1997, Kinzler and Bert Vogelstein grouped these cancer susceptibility genes into two classes: "caretakers" and "gatekeepers".〔Pearson, P. and R. van der Luijt. (1998). “The genetic analysis of cancer.” ‘‘Journal of Internal Medicine.’’ 243: 413 – 417.〕 In 2004, a third classification of tumor suppressor genes was proposed by Franziska Michor, Yoh Iwasa, and Martin Nowak; "landscaper" genes. Caretaker genes encode products that stabilize the genome. Fundamentally, mutations in caretaker genes lead to genomic instability. Tumor cells arise from two distinct classes of genomic instability: mutational instability arising from changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and chromosomal instability arising from improper rearrangement of chromosomes.〔van Gent, D., Jan Hoeijkmakers, and Roland Kanaar (March 2001). "Chromosomal Stability and the DNA Double-stranded Break Connection." ''Nature Reviews Genetics.'' 2: 196 – 206.〕 In contrast to caretaker genes, gatekeeper genes encode gene products that act to prevent growth of potential cancer cells and prevent accumulation of mutations that directly lead to increased cellular proliferation.〔Frank, S., (2003). "Somatic mutation: Early Cancer Steps Depend on Tissue Architecture." ''Current Biology'' 13: 261 - 263.〕〔Campisi, J. (2005) "Aging tumor suppression and cancer: a high wire act." ''Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.'' 26: 51-58.〕 The third classification of genes, the landscapers, encode products that, when mutated, contribute to the neoplastic growth of cells by fostering a stromal environment conducive to unregulated cell proliferation.〔Michor, F. (2004) “Dynamics of Cancer progression.” ‘‘Nature Reviews Cancer.’’ 4: 197.〕 == Genes in context == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caretaker gene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.